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lrp2 polyclonal antibody  (Thermo Fisher)


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    Structured Review

    Thermo Fisher lrp2 polyclonal antibody
    Verification of <t>LRP2</t> edits by flow cytometry analysis, gentamicin and FITC-albumin accumulation. A Morphological changes in parent HK2 and B LRP2 KO cells observed using the FLoid™ cell imaging station after treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (48 h, 6 mg/mL). C Cells were incubated with 0.05 mg/mL megalin <t>polyclonal</t> antibody for 2 h followed by CF™ 594 secondary antibody staining (1h, 5 µg/mL). The fluorescence intensity was quantified using a median based on fluorescent histograms of the cell populations. D Viability of edited and parent HK2 cells was evaluated after 48 h treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (6 mg/mL), with the graph representing the relative cellular viability. E FITC-albumin accumulation studies (24 µg/mL) were performed after 2 h incubation. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test or t- test were implemented to compare differences in parent and edited HK2 cells, * P < 0.05, *** P ≤ 0.001
    Lrp2 Polyclonal Antibody, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/lrp2 polyclonal antibody/product/Thermo Fisher
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Radiolabeled 15-mer peptide internalization is mediated by megalin (LRP2 receptor) in a CRISPR/Cas9-based LRP2 knockout human kidney cell model"

    Article Title: Radiolabeled 15-mer peptide internalization is mediated by megalin (LRP2 receptor) in a CRISPR/Cas9-based LRP2 knockout human kidney cell model

    Journal: EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry

    doi: 10.1186/s41181-024-00262-2

    Verification of LRP2 edits by flow cytometry analysis, gentamicin and FITC-albumin accumulation. A Morphological changes in parent HK2 and B LRP2 KO cells observed using the FLoid™ cell imaging station after treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (48 h, 6 mg/mL). C Cells were incubated with 0.05 mg/mL megalin polyclonal antibody for 2 h followed by CF™ 594 secondary antibody staining (1h, 5 µg/mL). The fluorescence intensity was quantified using a median based on fluorescent histograms of the cell populations. D Viability of edited and parent HK2 cells was evaluated after 48 h treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (6 mg/mL), with the graph representing the relative cellular viability. E FITC-albumin accumulation studies (24 µg/mL) were performed after 2 h incubation. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test or t- test were implemented to compare differences in parent and edited HK2 cells, * P < 0.05, *** P ≤ 0.001
    Figure Legend Snippet: Verification of LRP2 edits by flow cytometry analysis, gentamicin and FITC-albumin accumulation. A Morphological changes in parent HK2 and B LRP2 KO cells observed using the FLoid™ cell imaging station after treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (48 h, 6 mg/mL). C Cells were incubated with 0.05 mg/mL megalin polyclonal antibody for 2 h followed by CF™ 594 secondary antibody staining (1h, 5 µg/mL). The fluorescence intensity was quantified using a median based on fluorescent histograms of the cell populations. D Viability of edited and parent HK2 cells was evaluated after 48 h treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (6 mg/mL), with the graph representing the relative cellular viability. E FITC-albumin accumulation studies (24 µg/mL) were performed after 2 h incubation. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test or t- test were implemented to compare differences in parent and edited HK2 cells, * P < 0.05, *** P ≤ 0.001

    Techniques Used: Flow Cytometry, Imaging, Incubation, Staining, Fluorescence

    Verification of LRP2 knockout by western blotting analysis and laser scanning confocal microscopy. A HK2 cells expressing LRP2 and LRP2 KO cells shown by confocal microscopy. Cells were incubated with megalin polyclonal antibody (red), Hoechst 33342 to visualize the nuclei of viable cells (blue) and ActinGreen™ 488 ReadyProbes was used for cytoskeleton imaging (green). B Western blot analysis of LRP2 knockout using the parent HK2, LRP2 KO cells, and negative controls without LRP2 expression, SK-OV-3 and U-87 MG cells
    Figure Legend Snippet: Verification of LRP2 knockout by western blotting analysis and laser scanning confocal microscopy. A HK2 cells expressing LRP2 and LRP2 KO cells shown by confocal microscopy. Cells were incubated with megalin polyclonal antibody (red), Hoechst 33342 to visualize the nuclei of viable cells (blue) and ActinGreen™ 488 ReadyProbes was used for cytoskeleton imaging (green). B Western blot analysis of LRP2 knockout using the parent HK2, LRP2 KO cells, and negative controls without LRP2 expression, SK-OV-3 and U-87 MG cells

    Techniques Used: Knock-Out, Western Blot, Confocal Microscopy, Expressing, Incubation, Imaging

    Accumulation of radiolabeled 15-mer. The [ 68 Ga]Ga-NODAGA-15-mer and [ 99m Tc]Tc-KDC-15-mer internalization assays in HK2 parent, partial KO and LRP2 KO cells. The accumulation of radiolabeled 15-mers measured in parent HK2 cells was set as 100%. All the data were normalized to the total protein level. A The HK2 parent, partial KO and LRP2 KO cells were treated with [ 99m Tc]Tc-KDC-15-mer (2 h, 27 µg/mL, 37 °C). The experimental data were obtained from three independent experiments performed in biological triplicates. B The [ 68 Ga]Ga-NODAGA-15-mer (2 h, 20 µg/mL, 37 °C) treatment was performed in HK2 parent, LRP2 KO 1 and LRP2 KO 2 cells in biological triplicates to examine 68 Ga-radiolabeled 15-mer megalin-mediated accumulation. ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test was used to compare KO models with control cells, * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01
    Figure Legend Snippet: Accumulation of radiolabeled 15-mer. The [ 68 Ga]Ga-NODAGA-15-mer and [ 99m Tc]Tc-KDC-15-mer internalization assays in HK2 parent, partial KO and LRP2 KO cells. The accumulation of radiolabeled 15-mers measured in parent HK2 cells was set as 100%. All the data were normalized to the total protein level. A The HK2 parent, partial KO and LRP2 KO cells were treated with [ 99m Tc]Tc-KDC-15-mer (2 h, 27 µg/mL, 37 °C). The experimental data were obtained from three independent experiments performed in biological triplicates. B The [ 68 Ga]Ga-NODAGA-15-mer (2 h, 20 µg/mL, 37 °C) treatment was performed in HK2 parent, LRP2 KO 1 and LRP2 KO 2 cells in biological triplicates to examine 68 Ga-radiolabeled 15-mer megalin-mediated accumulation. ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test was used to compare KO models with control cells, * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01

    Techniques Used: Control



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    Verification of <t>LRP2</t> edits by flow cytometry analysis, gentamicin and FITC-albumin accumulation. A Morphological changes in parent HK2 and B LRP2 KO cells observed using the FLoid™ cell imaging station after treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (48 h, 6 mg/mL). C Cells were incubated with 0.05 mg/mL megalin <t>polyclonal</t> antibody for 2 h followed by CF™ 594 secondary antibody staining (1h, 5 µg/mL). The fluorescence intensity was quantified using a median based on fluorescent histograms of the cell populations. D Viability of edited and parent HK2 cells was evaluated after 48 h treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (6 mg/mL), with the graph representing the relative cellular viability. E FITC-albumin accumulation studies (24 µg/mL) were performed after 2 h incubation. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test or t- test were implemented to compare differences in parent and edited HK2 cells, * P < 0.05, *** P ≤ 0.001
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    Structure and potential signaling pathways targeted by the putative LCN2 receptors. The three putative receptors for LCN2 are structurally different. NGALR also known as SLC22A17, 24p3, BOCT or LCN2R is a multipass 60-kDa integral membrane protein predicted to contain 11-12 transmembrane helices that are linked by extracellular and intercellular spacers of variable sizes ( , , ). <t>LRP2/megalin/gp330</t> is a ~4,600 amino-acid type 1 transmembrane receptor of the LDL receptor gene family characterized by extracellular domains containing four cysteine-rich clusters of complement-type repeats (i.e., the low-density lipoprotein-receptor type A repeats) that mediate ligand binding that are separated and followed by 17 epidermal growth factor type repeats and eight spacer regions that contain YWTD repeats. These are termed β-propellers that are required for pH-dependent release of bound ligands in endosomes . The single transmembrane of LRP2 encompassing 20 amino acids is followed by a 213 amino acid cytoplasmic tail, which contains two NPXY sequences and one NPXY-like sequence in addition to several Src-homology 3 (SH3) and one Src-homolog-2 (SH2) region sites . MC4R is a 332 amino acid G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with seven transmembrane helixes connected by alternating extracellular and intercellular loops. The recent structure of the human MC4R-G S signaling complex bound to the agonist setmalanotide determined by electron microscopy demonstrated that the seven transmembrane-spanning helixes from a bundle that forms a cavity at the cytoplasmic side to accommodate the heterotrimeric G s protein ( , ). For simplicity the seven helixes are drawn as stand-alone transmembrane domains.
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    Wild-type mice were subjected to 27 min of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) with contralateral nephrectomy (IRI/CL-NX) or unilateral IRI (U-IRI) and sacrificed on day 1, 7, 14, and 30 after injury. The injured kidneys and normal control kidneys (defined as day 0) were harvested. a Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for <t>Lrp2</t> (megalin), Slc34a1 (sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2A, Napi2a), Slc13a3 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter, NaDC3), Havcr1 (kidney injury molecule-1, Kim1), and Vcam1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) was performed on whole-kidney RNA. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 10 kidneys/time point/model. Two-way ANOVA was summarized in Supplementary Table . * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 at the indicated time points (by Bonferroni multiple comparison). b Midline kidney sections underwent IF staining for megalin (green) and KIM-1 (red) on day 0, 1, 7, 14, and 30 after IRI with representative images shown at 20×. Scale bars, 50 μm. c Megalin- (top) and KIM-1- (bottom) positive areas as in b were quantified as a percentage of 6–10 randomly selected areas/kidney section. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 8 kidneys quantified/model. Two-way ANOVA [ p < 0.0001 (interaction, time factor, and model factor) for megalin; p = 0.0003 (interaction), p < 0.0001 (time factor), p = 0.0228 (model factor) for KIM-1]. **** p < 0.0001 at the indicated time points (by Bonferroni multiple comparison).
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    Wild-type mice were subjected to 27 min of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) with contralateral nephrectomy (IRI/CL-NX) or unilateral IRI (U-IRI) and sacrificed on day 1, 7, 14, and 30 after injury. The injured kidneys and normal control kidneys (defined as day 0) were harvested. a Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for <t>Lrp2</t> (megalin), Slc34a1 (sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2A, Napi2a), Slc13a3 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter, NaDC3), Havcr1 (kidney injury molecule-1, Kim1), and Vcam1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) was performed on whole-kidney RNA. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 10 kidneys/time point/model. Two-way ANOVA was summarized in Supplementary Table . * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 at the indicated time points (by Bonferroni multiple comparison). b Midline kidney sections underwent IF staining for megalin (green) and KIM-1 (red) on day 0, 1, 7, 14, and 30 after IRI with representative images shown at 20×. Scale bars, 50 μm. c Megalin- (top) and KIM-1- (bottom) positive areas as in b were quantified as a percentage of 6–10 randomly selected areas/kidney section. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 8 kidneys quantified/model. Two-way ANOVA [ p < 0.0001 (interaction, time factor, and model factor) for megalin; p = 0.0003 (interaction), p < 0.0001 (time factor), p = 0.0228 (model factor) for KIM-1]. **** p < 0.0001 at the indicated time points (by Bonferroni multiple comparison).
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    Image Search Results


    Antibodies used in immunofluorescence studies

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Enhanced metanephric specification to functional proximal tubule enables toxicity screening and infectious disease modelling in kidney organoids

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33623-z

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibodies used in immunofluorescence studies

    Article Snippet: MEGALIN , Rabbit polyclonal IgG , 1:300 , Novus Biologicals (NBP2-39033), Lot R91329.

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Membrane, Plasmid Preparation, Staining

    Verification of LRP2 edits by flow cytometry analysis, gentamicin and FITC-albumin accumulation. A Morphological changes in parent HK2 and B LRP2 KO cells observed using the FLoid™ cell imaging station after treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (48 h, 6 mg/mL). C Cells were incubated with 0.05 mg/mL megalin polyclonal antibody for 2 h followed by CF™ 594 secondary antibody staining (1h, 5 µg/mL). The fluorescence intensity was quantified using a median based on fluorescent histograms of the cell populations. D Viability of edited and parent HK2 cells was evaluated after 48 h treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (6 mg/mL), with the graph representing the relative cellular viability. E FITC-albumin accumulation studies (24 µg/mL) were performed after 2 h incubation. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test or t- test were implemented to compare differences in parent and edited HK2 cells, * P < 0.05, *** P ≤ 0.001

    Journal: EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry

    Article Title: Radiolabeled 15-mer peptide internalization is mediated by megalin (LRP2 receptor) in a CRISPR/Cas9-based LRP2 knockout human kidney cell model

    doi: 10.1186/s41181-024-00262-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Verification of LRP2 edits by flow cytometry analysis, gentamicin and FITC-albumin accumulation. A Morphological changes in parent HK2 and B LRP2 KO cells observed using the FLoid™ cell imaging station after treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (48 h, 6 mg/mL). C Cells were incubated with 0.05 mg/mL megalin polyclonal antibody for 2 h followed by CF™ 594 secondary antibody staining (1h, 5 µg/mL). The fluorescence intensity was quantified using a median based on fluorescent histograms of the cell populations. D Viability of edited and parent HK2 cells was evaluated after 48 h treatment with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin (6 mg/mL), with the graph representing the relative cellular viability. E FITC-albumin accumulation studies (24 µg/mL) were performed after 2 h incubation. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test or t- test were implemented to compare differences in parent and edited HK2 cells, * P < 0.05, *** P ≤ 0.001

    Article Snippet: The membrane was incubated with primary LRP2 Polyclonal Antibody (1:500, 1 h, 19700–1-AP, ThermoFisher) followed by the incubation with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Secondary Antibody, HRP (1:200 000, 1 h, 31460, ThermoFisher).

    Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Imaging, Incubation, Staining, Fluorescence

    Verification of LRP2 knockout by western blotting analysis and laser scanning confocal microscopy. A HK2 cells expressing LRP2 and LRP2 KO cells shown by confocal microscopy. Cells were incubated with megalin polyclonal antibody (red), Hoechst 33342 to visualize the nuclei of viable cells (blue) and ActinGreen™ 488 ReadyProbes was used for cytoskeleton imaging (green). B Western blot analysis of LRP2 knockout using the parent HK2, LRP2 KO cells, and negative controls without LRP2 expression, SK-OV-3 and U-87 MG cells

    Journal: EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry

    Article Title: Radiolabeled 15-mer peptide internalization is mediated by megalin (LRP2 receptor) in a CRISPR/Cas9-based LRP2 knockout human kidney cell model

    doi: 10.1186/s41181-024-00262-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Verification of LRP2 knockout by western blotting analysis and laser scanning confocal microscopy. A HK2 cells expressing LRP2 and LRP2 KO cells shown by confocal microscopy. Cells were incubated with megalin polyclonal antibody (red), Hoechst 33342 to visualize the nuclei of viable cells (blue) and ActinGreen™ 488 ReadyProbes was used for cytoskeleton imaging (green). B Western blot analysis of LRP2 knockout using the parent HK2, LRP2 KO cells, and negative controls without LRP2 expression, SK-OV-3 and U-87 MG cells

    Article Snippet: The membrane was incubated with primary LRP2 Polyclonal Antibody (1:500, 1 h, 19700–1-AP, ThermoFisher) followed by the incubation with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Secondary Antibody, HRP (1:200 000, 1 h, 31460, ThermoFisher).

    Techniques: Knock-Out, Western Blot, Confocal Microscopy, Expressing, Incubation, Imaging

    Accumulation of radiolabeled 15-mer. The [ 68 Ga]Ga-NODAGA-15-mer and [ 99m Tc]Tc-KDC-15-mer internalization assays in HK2 parent, partial KO and LRP2 KO cells. The accumulation of radiolabeled 15-mers measured in parent HK2 cells was set as 100%. All the data were normalized to the total protein level. A The HK2 parent, partial KO and LRP2 KO cells were treated with [ 99m Tc]Tc-KDC-15-mer (2 h, 27 µg/mL, 37 °C). The experimental data were obtained from three independent experiments performed in biological triplicates. B The [ 68 Ga]Ga-NODAGA-15-mer (2 h, 20 µg/mL, 37 °C) treatment was performed in HK2 parent, LRP2 KO 1 and LRP2 KO 2 cells in biological triplicates to examine 68 Ga-radiolabeled 15-mer megalin-mediated accumulation. ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test was used to compare KO models with control cells, * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01

    Journal: EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry

    Article Title: Radiolabeled 15-mer peptide internalization is mediated by megalin (LRP2 receptor) in a CRISPR/Cas9-based LRP2 knockout human kidney cell model

    doi: 10.1186/s41181-024-00262-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Accumulation of radiolabeled 15-mer. The [ 68 Ga]Ga-NODAGA-15-mer and [ 99m Tc]Tc-KDC-15-mer internalization assays in HK2 parent, partial KO and LRP2 KO cells. The accumulation of radiolabeled 15-mers measured in parent HK2 cells was set as 100%. All the data were normalized to the total protein level. A The HK2 parent, partial KO and LRP2 KO cells were treated with [ 99m Tc]Tc-KDC-15-mer (2 h, 27 µg/mL, 37 °C). The experimental data were obtained from three independent experiments performed in biological triplicates. B The [ 68 Ga]Ga-NODAGA-15-mer (2 h, 20 µg/mL, 37 °C) treatment was performed in HK2 parent, LRP2 KO 1 and LRP2 KO 2 cells in biological triplicates to examine 68 Ga-radiolabeled 15-mer megalin-mediated accumulation. ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test was used to compare KO models with control cells, * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01

    Article Snippet: The membrane was incubated with primary LRP2 Polyclonal Antibody (1:500, 1 h, 19700–1-AP, ThermoFisher) followed by the incubation with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Secondary Antibody, HRP (1:200 000, 1 h, 31460, ThermoFisher).

    Techniques: Control

    Structure and potential signaling pathways targeted by the putative LCN2 receptors. The three putative receptors for LCN2 are structurally different. NGALR also known as SLC22A17, 24p3, BOCT or LCN2R is a multipass 60-kDa integral membrane protein predicted to contain 11-12 transmembrane helices that are linked by extracellular and intercellular spacers of variable sizes ( , , ). LRP2/megalin/gp330 is a ~4,600 amino-acid type 1 transmembrane receptor of the LDL receptor gene family characterized by extracellular domains containing four cysteine-rich clusters of complement-type repeats (i.e., the low-density lipoprotein-receptor type A repeats) that mediate ligand binding that are separated and followed by 17 epidermal growth factor type repeats and eight spacer regions that contain YWTD repeats. These are termed β-propellers that are required for pH-dependent release of bound ligands in endosomes . The single transmembrane of LRP2 encompassing 20 amino acids is followed by a 213 amino acid cytoplasmic tail, which contains two NPXY sequences and one NPXY-like sequence in addition to several Src-homology 3 (SH3) and one Src-homolog-2 (SH2) region sites . MC4R is a 332 amino acid G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with seven transmembrane helixes connected by alternating extracellular and intercellular loops. The recent structure of the human MC4R-G S signaling complex bound to the agonist setmalanotide determined by electron microscopy demonstrated that the seven transmembrane-spanning helixes from a bundle that forms a cavity at the cytoplasmic side to accommodate the heterotrimeric G s protein ( , ). For simplicity the seven helixes are drawn as stand-alone transmembrane domains.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229885

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Structure and potential signaling pathways targeted by the putative LCN2 receptors. The three putative receptors for LCN2 are structurally different. NGALR also known as SLC22A17, 24p3, BOCT or LCN2R is a multipass 60-kDa integral membrane protein predicted to contain 11-12 transmembrane helices that are linked by extracellular and intercellular spacers of variable sizes ( , , ). LRP2/megalin/gp330 is a ~4,600 amino-acid type 1 transmembrane receptor of the LDL receptor gene family characterized by extracellular domains containing four cysteine-rich clusters of complement-type repeats (i.e., the low-density lipoprotein-receptor type A repeats) that mediate ligand binding that are separated and followed by 17 epidermal growth factor type repeats and eight spacer regions that contain YWTD repeats. These are termed β-propellers that are required for pH-dependent release of bound ligands in endosomes . The single transmembrane of LRP2 encompassing 20 amino acids is followed by a 213 amino acid cytoplasmic tail, which contains two NPXY sequences and one NPXY-like sequence in addition to several Src-homology 3 (SH3) and one Src-homolog-2 (SH2) region sites . MC4R is a 332 amino acid G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with seven transmembrane helixes connected by alternating extracellular and intercellular loops. The recent structure of the human MC4R-G S signaling complex bound to the agonist setmalanotide determined by electron microscopy demonstrated that the seven transmembrane-spanning helixes from a bundle that forms a cavity at the cytoplasmic side to accommodate the heterotrimeric G s protein ( , ). For simplicity the seven helixes are drawn as stand-alone transmembrane domains.

    Article Snippet: For example, a rabbit polyclonal LRP2 antibody (Elabscience, #E-AB-63748) showed a nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern in murine brain-derived endothelial cell line bEnd3, while a typical membranous staining supposed for a receptor was missing (not shown).

    Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Membrane, Ligand Binding Assay, Sequencing, Electron Microscopy

    Quick facts overview of putative LCN2 receptors in mouse and men*.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229885

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Quick facts overview of putative LCN2 receptors in mouse and men*.

    Article Snippet: For example, a rabbit polyclonal LRP2 antibody (Elabscience, #E-AB-63748) showed a nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern in murine brain-derived endothelial cell line bEnd3, while a typical membranous staining supposed for a receptor was missing (not shown).

    Techniques: Expressing, Cloning, cDNA Library Assay, Isolation, Clone Assay, Random Primed, Derivative Assay, Amplification, Binding Assay, Mutagenesis, Mouse Assay

    Potential signaling routes for LCN2. LCN2 has affinity for five putative receptors (NGALR, LRP2, MC4R, MC1R, and MC3R) and additional binding partners ( e.g. , MMP-9, MMP-2, HGF). Binding of LCN2 to these biomolecules can modulate activity of respective proteins/receptors or modulate signaling cascades triggered. In addition to these receptors, LCN2 was recently found to bind to LRP6 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts .

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229885

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Potential signaling routes for LCN2. LCN2 has affinity for five putative receptors (NGALR, LRP2, MC4R, MC1R, and MC3R) and additional binding partners ( e.g. , MMP-9, MMP-2, HGF). Binding of LCN2 to these biomolecules can modulate activity of respective proteins/receptors or modulate signaling cascades triggered. In addition to these receptors, LCN2 was recently found to bind to LRP6 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts .

    Article Snippet: For example, a rabbit polyclonal LRP2 antibody (Elabscience, #E-AB-63748) showed a nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern in murine brain-derived endothelial cell line bEnd3, while a typical membranous staining supposed for a receptor was missing (not shown).

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Activity Assay

    Expression of potential LCN2 receptors in kidney. Normal kidney tissue sections were stained with antibodies specific for MC4R, NGALR, and LRP2 showing that the kidney lacks MC4R expression. All images were taken from the Human Protein Atlas database [ https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ]. The images can be found at: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166603-MC4R/tissue/kidney#img ( left ), https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000092096-SLC22A17/tissue/kidney#img ( middle ), and https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000081479-LRP2/tissue/kidney#img ( right ).

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229885

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of potential LCN2 receptors in kidney. Normal kidney tissue sections were stained with antibodies specific for MC4R, NGALR, and LRP2 showing that the kidney lacks MC4R expression. All images were taken from the Human Protein Atlas database [ https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ]. The images can be found at: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166603-MC4R/tissue/kidney#img ( left ), https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000092096-SLC22A17/tissue/kidney#img ( middle ), and https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000081479-LRP2/tissue/kidney#img ( right ).

    Article Snippet: For example, a rabbit polyclonal LRP2 antibody (Elabscience, #E-AB-63748) showed a nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern in murine brain-derived endothelial cell line bEnd3, while a typical membranous staining supposed for a receptor was missing (not shown).

    Techniques: Expressing, Staining

    Immunohistochemical staining of MC4R and LRP2/megalin. (A) Tissue sections from (a) kidney, (b) colon, (c) bone marrow and (d) brain were stained with a validated antibody (HPA016719) specific for MC4R. Please note that the antibody stained tubular cells in the kidney, hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, glandular cells in the colon, while only showing low staining in some neuronal cells in the brain. (B) Tissue sections from (a, b) kidney and (c, d) parathyroid gland were stained with two (validated) polyclonal rabbit antibodies (i.e., HPA005980 and HPA064792) directed against human LRP2. Please note that both antibodies stained similar structures in kidney, while the staining was markedly different in two sections of the parathyroid gland that were taken from the same patient. All images were taken from the Human Protein Atlas database [ https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ]. The images depicted in (A) can be found at: (a) https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166603-MC4R/tissue/kidney#img , (b) https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166603-MC4R/tissue/colon#img , (c), https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166603-MC4R/tissue/bone+marrow#img , and (d) https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166603-MC4R/tissue/cerebral+cortex#img . The images depicted in (B) can be found at: (a, b) https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000081479-LRP2/tissue/kidney#img and (c, d) https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000081479-LRP2/tissue/parathyroid+gland#img .

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229885

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical staining of MC4R and LRP2/megalin. (A) Tissue sections from (a) kidney, (b) colon, (c) bone marrow and (d) brain were stained with a validated antibody (HPA016719) specific for MC4R. Please note that the antibody stained tubular cells in the kidney, hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, glandular cells in the colon, while only showing low staining in some neuronal cells in the brain. (B) Tissue sections from (a, b) kidney and (c, d) parathyroid gland were stained with two (validated) polyclonal rabbit antibodies (i.e., HPA005980 and HPA064792) directed against human LRP2. Please note that both antibodies stained similar structures in kidney, while the staining was markedly different in two sections of the parathyroid gland that were taken from the same patient. All images were taken from the Human Protein Atlas database [ https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ]. The images depicted in (A) can be found at: (a) https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166603-MC4R/tissue/kidney#img , (b) https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166603-MC4R/tissue/colon#img , (c), https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166603-MC4R/tissue/bone+marrow#img , and (d) https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166603-MC4R/tissue/cerebral+cortex#img . The images depicted in (B) can be found at: (a, b) https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000081479-LRP2/tissue/kidney#img and (c, d) https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000081479-LRP2/tissue/parathyroid+gland#img .

    Article Snippet: For example, a rabbit polyclonal LRP2 antibody (Elabscience, #E-AB-63748) showed a nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern in murine brain-derived endothelial cell line bEnd3, while a typical membranous staining supposed for a receptor was missing (not shown).

    Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

    Expression of LCN2 and its putative receptors in human kidney in health and disease as obtained from single-cell RNA-sequencing. The dataset comprises 20 samples from 18 living donor biopsy participants taken from the Human Cell Atlas, as well as 15 biopsies from patients suffering from chronic kidney disease and 12 biopsies taken from patients suffering from acute kidney injury. For individual abbreviations depicted in the two-dimensional Reference Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) image, please refer to <xref ref-type= Supplementary Table 1 . Please note that the cell subsets that are capable to express LCN2 increase during renal disease, while the expression profile of the putative LCN2 receptors NGALR and LRP2 does not change. Moreover, renal expression of LRP2 is more restricted and MC4R is not expressed at all in any kidney cell fraction. The results here are in whole or part based upon data generated by KPMP [ https://atlas.kpmp.org ]. The respective URL address used for visualizing expression data from LCN2, NGALR, LRP2, and MC4R in healthy kidney, acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease is: https://atlas.kpmp.org/explorer/dataviz . All data were downloaded on 20 May, 2023. " width="100%" height="100%">

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229885

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of LCN2 and its putative receptors in human kidney in health and disease as obtained from single-cell RNA-sequencing. The dataset comprises 20 samples from 18 living donor biopsy participants taken from the Human Cell Atlas, as well as 15 biopsies from patients suffering from chronic kidney disease and 12 biopsies taken from patients suffering from acute kidney injury. For individual abbreviations depicted in the two-dimensional Reference Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) image, please refer to Supplementary Table 1 . Please note that the cell subsets that are capable to express LCN2 increase during renal disease, while the expression profile of the putative LCN2 receptors NGALR and LRP2 does not change. Moreover, renal expression of LRP2 is more restricted and MC4R is not expressed at all in any kidney cell fraction. The results here are in whole or part based upon data generated by KPMP [ https://atlas.kpmp.org ]. The respective URL address used for visualizing expression data from LCN2, NGALR, LRP2, and MC4R in healthy kidney, acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease is: https://atlas.kpmp.org/explorer/dataviz . All data were downloaded on 20 May, 2023.

    Article Snippet: For example, a rabbit polyclonal LRP2 antibody (Elabscience, #E-AB-63748) showed a nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern in murine brain-derived endothelial cell line bEnd3, while a typical membranous staining supposed for a receptor was missing (not shown).

    Techniques: Expressing, RNA Sequencing, Generated

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229885

    Figure Lengend Snippet:

    Article Snippet: For example, a rabbit polyclonal LRP2 antibody (Elabscience, #E-AB-63748) showed a nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern in murine brain-derived endothelial cell line bEnd3, while a typical membranous staining supposed for a receptor was missing (not shown).

    Techniques: Binding Assay, SPR Assay

    Wild-type mice were subjected to 27 min of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) with contralateral nephrectomy (IRI/CL-NX) or unilateral IRI (U-IRI) and sacrificed on day 1, 7, 14, and 30 after injury. The injured kidneys and normal control kidneys (defined as day 0) were harvested. a Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for Lrp2 (megalin), Slc34a1 (sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2A, Napi2a), Slc13a3 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter, NaDC3), Havcr1 (kidney injury molecule-1, Kim1), and Vcam1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) was performed on whole-kidney RNA. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 10 kidneys/time point/model. Two-way ANOVA was summarized in Supplementary Table . * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 at the indicated time points (by Bonferroni multiple comparison). b Midline kidney sections underwent IF staining for megalin (green) and KIM-1 (red) on day 0, 1, 7, 14, and 30 after IRI with representative images shown at 20×. Scale bars, 50 μm. c Megalin- (top) and KIM-1- (bottom) positive areas as in b were quantified as a percentage of 6–10 randomly selected areas/kidney section. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 8 kidneys quantified/model. Two-way ANOVA [ p < 0.0001 (interaction, time factor, and model factor) for megalin; p = 0.0003 (interaction), p < 0.0001 (time factor), p = 0.0228 (model factor) for KIM-1]. **** p < 0.0001 at the indicated time points (by Bonferroni multiple comparison).

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Immune-mediated tubule atrophy promotes acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32634-0

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Wild-type mice were subjected to 27 min of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) with contralateral nephrectomy (IRI/CL-NX) or unilateral IRI (U-IRI) and sacrificed on day 1, 7, 14, and 30 after injury. The injured kidneys and normal control kidneys (defined as day 0) were harvested. a Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for Lrp2 (megalin), Slc34a1 (sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2A, Napi2a), Slc13a3 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter, NaDC3), Havcr1 (kidney injury molecule-1, Kim1), and Vcam1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) was performed on whole-kidney RNA. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 10 kidneys/time point/model. Two-way ANOVA was summarized in Supplementary Table . * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 at the indicated time points (by Bonferroni multiple comparison). b Midline kidney sections underwent IF staining for megalin (green) and KIM-1 (red) on day 0, 1, 7, 14, and 30 after IRI with representative images shown at 20×. Scale bars, 50 μm. c Megalin- (top) and KIM-1- (bottom) positive areas as in b were quantified as a percentage of 6–10 randomly selected areas/kidney section. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 8 kidneys quantified/model. Two-way ANOVA [ p < 0.0001 (interaction, time factor, and model factor) for megalin; p = 0.0003 (interaction), p < 0.0001 (time factor), p = 0.0228 (model factor) for KIM-1]. **** p < 0.0001 at the indicated time points (by Bonferroni multiple comparison).

    Article Snippet: CD3ε- and CD66b- cells were detected by IF using primary monoclonal antibodies against CD3ε (#NBP2-53387, Novus Biologicals, 1:100 dilution) and CD66b (#305102, BioLegend, 1:100 dilution), respectively, and proximal tubules were visualized by IF using polyclonal antibody against LRP2 (#19700-1-AP, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:100 dilution) to identify renal cortical regions on the biopsy specimen.

    Techniques: Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Comparison, Staining

    WT mice were treated as described in Methods with either PBS or a combination of antibodies (Ab)-against Thy1.2 and Ly6G beginning 5 days after unilateral ischemia/reperfusion injury (U-IRI) and sacrificed on day 30. a The IRI kidney sections were immunostained with CD3ε and Ly6G. Nine kidneys/group were sectioned and stained, and representative images are shown. Scale bars, 25 µm. b CD3ε-, CD8α-, and Ly6G-positive areas were quantified using Image J. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 9 kidney sections/group. **** p < 0.0001 by unpaired two-tailed t -test. c Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for Cd3e , Cd4 , Cd8a , and Ly6g was performed on whole-kidney RNA on day 30 after U-IRI ± dual T-cell/neutrophil depletion. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 9 kidneys/group. *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 by unpaired two-tailed t -test. d Kidney-to-body weight ratios on day 30 following U-IRI ± dual T-cell/neutrophil depletion. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 9 kidneys/group. ** p < 0.01 by unpaired two-tailed t -test. e Kidney sections from day 30 after U-IRI ± dual T-cell/neutrophil depletion were immunostained with lotus tetragonolobus lectin (LTL, dark gray). Nine kidneys were sectioned and stained and representative images are shown. Scale bars, 1 mm. f LTL-positive area was quantified from the entire section (left panel) and as a percentage of the section (right panel). Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 9 kidneys/group. *** p < 0.001 by unpaired two-tailed t -test. g Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for Lrp2 and Slc34a1 was performed on whole-kidney RNA from U-IRI mice ± dual T-cell/neutrophil depletion. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 9 kidneys/group. * p < 0.05 by unpaired two-tailed t -test.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Immune-mediated tubule atrophy promotes acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32634-0

    Figure Lengend Snippet: WT mice were treated as described in Methods with either PBS or a combination of antibodies (Ab)-against Thy1.2 and Ly6G beginning 5 days after unilateral ischemia/reperfusion injury (U-IRI) and sacrificed on day 30. a The IRI kidney sections were immunostained with CD3ε and Ly6G. Nine kidneys/group were sectioned and stained, and representative images are shown. Scale bars, 25 µm. b CD3ε-, CD8α-, and Ly6G-positive areas were quantified using Image J. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 9 kidney sections/group. **** p < 0.0001 by unpaired two-tailed t -test. c Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for Cd3e , Cd4 , Cd8a , and Ly6g was performed on whole-kidney RNA on day 30 after U-IRI ± dual T-cell/neutrophil depletion. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 9 kidneys/group. *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 by unpaired two-tailed t -test. d Kidney-to-body weight ratios on day 30 following U-IRI ± dual T-cell/neutrophil depletion. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 9 kidneys/group. ** p < 0.01 by unpaired two-tailed t -test. e Kidney sections from day 30 after U-IRI ± dual T-cell/neutrophil depletion were immunostained with lotus tetragonolobus lectin (LTL, dark gray). Nine kidneys were sectioned and stained and representative images are shown. Scale bars, 1 mm. f LTL-positive area was quantified from the entire section (left panel) and as a percentage of the section (right panel). Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 9 kidneys/group. *** p < 0.001 by unpaired two-tailed t -test. g Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for Lrp2 and Slc34a1 was performed on whole-kidney RNA from U-IRI mice ± dual T-cell/neutrophil depletion. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 9 kidneys/group. * p < 0.05 by unpaired two-tailed t -test.

    Article Snippet: CD3ε- and CD66b- cells were detected by IF using primary monoclonal antibodies against CD3ε (#NBP2-53387, Novus Biologicals, 1:100 dilution) and CD66b (#305102, BioLegend, 1:100 dilution), respectively, and proximal tubules were visualized by IF using polyclonal antibody against LRP2 (#19700-1-AP, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:100 dilution) to identify renal cortical regions on the biopsy specimen.

    Techniques: Staining, Two Tailed Test, Quantitative RT-PCR